Free Essays on The Valley Of Fear

The Valley of Fear is a work of fiction written by Sir Author Conan Doyle. It takes place in the late 1800’s. The story describes the accounts of a man by the names of Jack Douglas, McMurdo, and Birdie Edwards. The man by these previously mentioned names is a detective following an evil organization entitled the â€Å"Eminent Order of Freeman†. Birdie Edwards is a Pinkerton detective, which is an elite group of detectives in the world. Edwards tracks the â€Å"Eminent Order of Freeman† to the Vermissa Valley and lives there under the name of McMurdo. Birdie Edwards eventually traps the evil men of the organization and puts them in jail. However, after he moves to England to settle down with his wife, Ted Baldwin, who was a man of which Birdie Edwards sent to jail, attempts to murder Edwards who is under the name of Jack Douglas. During the skirmish between Edwards and Baldwin, Edwards kills Baldwin in self-defense. Throughout Edwards’s adventures, he uses many techniques that are used today in the detective field of work. One detective technique Birdie Edwards uses is â€Å"going under cover†. In order for Birdie Edwards to be successful on his mission to take the â€Å"Eminent Order of Freeman† down, he must get involved in their society. Edwards does this by having a forged recommendation from his base in Chicago. However, although Birdie Edwards is in this evil organization, he does not take part in any of the activities. Instead of doing these evil things, Edwards makes the society think he is one of them just by his psychological thinking. One technique that Edwards uses is the changing of the name he goes by. Throughout the novel Edwards uses three different names including Birdie Edwards, McMurdo, and Jack Douglas. Changing identities are very important in operating â€Å"under cover†. Especially if one changes his or her name in the 1800s, then basically no one will know who one is because news did not tra... Free Essays on The Valley Of Fear Free Essays on The Valley Of Fear The Valley of Fear is a work of fiction written by Sir Author Conan Doyle. It takes place in the late 1800’s. The story describes the accounts of a man by the names of Jack Douglas, McMurdo, and Birdie Edwards. The man by these previously mentioned names is a detective following an evil organization entitled the â€Å"Eminent Order of Freeman†. Birdie Edwards is a Pinkerton detective, which is an elite group of detectives in the world. Edwards tracks the â€Å"Eminent Order of Freeman† to the Vermissa Valley and lives there under the name of McMurdo. Birdie Edwards eventually traps the evil men of the organization and puts them in jail. However, after he moves to England to settle down with his wife, Ted Baldwin, who was a man of which Birdie Edwards sent to jail, attempts to murder Edwards who is under the name of Jack Douglas. During the skirmish between Edwards and Baldwin, Edwards kills Baldwin in self-defense. Throughout Edwards’s adventures, he uses many techniques that are used today in the detective field of work. One detective technique Birdie Edwards uses is â€Å"going under cover†. In order for Birdie Edwards to be successful on his mission to take the â€Å"Eminent Order of Freeman† down, he must get involved in their society. Edwards does this by having a forged recommendation from his base in Chicago. However, although Birdie Edwards is in this evil organization, he does not take part in any of the activities. Instead of doing these evil things, Edwards makes the society think he is one of them just by his psychological thinking. One technique that Edwards uses is the changing of the name he goes by. Throughout the novel Edwards uses three different names including Birdie Edwards, McMurdo, and Jack Douglas. Changing identities are very important in operating â€Å"under cover†. Especially if one changes his or her name in the 1800s, then basically no one will know who one is because news did not tra...

Definition and Examples of the Amelioration of Words

Definition and Examples of the Amelioration of Words Definition In linguistics, amelioration is the upgrading or elevation of a words meaning, as when a word with a negative sense develops a positive one. Also called melioration or elevation. Amelioration is less common than the opposite historical process, called  pejoration. See Examples and Observations below. See also: EtymologyFive Words That May Not Mean What You Think They MeanHow Word Meanings ChangeLanguage ChangeSemantic ChangeStatus-Word EtymologyFrom the Latin, better. Examples and Observations NiceThe word nice is a classic example of amelioration . . .. This is a rare occurrence, compared with the opposite process of pejoration, or downgrading.The meaning of nice when it first appeared in Middle English (about 1300) was (of persons or their actions) foolish, silly, simple; ignorant, senseless, absurd. . . . A shift away from disparagement began in the 1500s, with such meanings as requiring or involving great precision or accuracy. . . .The movement toward amelioration reached its apex in the 1800s with such meanings as kind and considerate, friendly.(Sol Steinmetz, Semantic Antics: How and Why Words Change Meanings. Random House, 2008)DizzyA possible example of amelioration during ME [Middle English] might be, depending on ones viewpoint, the word dizzy. In OE [Old English] it meant foolish, a meaning that survives marginally in such expressions as a dizzy blonde; but by ME its primary meaning was suffering from vertigo.(C. M. Millward and Mary Hayes, A Biography of the E nglish Language, 3rd ed. Wadsworth, 2011) Amelioration and DeteriorationAmelioration, whereby a word takes on favorable connotations and deterioration whereby it takes on pejorative associations, are often telling indications of social change. There is a particularly pregnant category ably defined by C.S. Lewis as the moralization of status words (1960) . . .. By this process terms originally denoting status and class slowly acquired moral connotations, favorable and otherwise, evaluative of the moral conduct commonly attributed to that class. Hence, villain, a medieval serf, and Anglo-Saxon ceorl, still lower in the hierarchy, deteriorated to villain and churlish, while noble and gentle, predictably, rose in moral connotations. In more recent times, the steady amelioration of ambitious and aggressive reveals a change in attitude towards those who seek advancement or success in a highly competitive fashion.(Geoffrey Hughes, Words in Time: A Social History of the English Vocabulary. Basil Blackwell, 1988)Amelioration and Verb icideSometimes amelioration involves weakening of an originally strongly negative meaning: so, annoy is from Late Latin inodiare to make loathsome, in turn from the Latin phrase mihi in odio est it is hateful to me . . .. Likewise, terribly and awfully have weakened to become alternatives for very. [Geoffrey] Hughes (1988) associates this type of amelioration with the popular press, and labels it verbicide, citing tragedy which can now, in journalistic usage, be applied to an earthquake killing thousands or to a missed goal in football.(April M. S. McMahon, Understanding Language Change. Cambridge University Press, 1999) Pronunciation: a-MEEL-ya-RAY-shun